What is the operating voltage of DC fan?

The operating voltage of a DC fan varies based on its application and design. Here are the common operating voltages for DC fans, including the notable 48V category, along with their typical use cases:

1. 5V DC

1. Application: Small USB-powered fans (e.g., desktop USB fans, mini cooling solutions for electronics), low-power portable devices, and microelectronics.
2. Reason: Powered by standard USB ports (5V DC), ideal for compact, energy-efficient designs.

2. 12V DC

3. Application: Most common in computers (CPU/case fans), automotive systems (car radiators, interior fans), and small household appliances.
4. Reason: Aligns with 12V DC power supplies in computers (PSUs) and car batteries, balancing power and efficiency.

3. 24V DC

5. Application: Industrial equipment (server racks, factory cooling systems), larger household appliances, and commercial ventilation fans.
6. Reason: Delivers higher power for larger fans while maintaining safety in industrial setups with 24V DC power distributions.

4. 48V DC

7. Application: Common in telecom infrastructure (communication base stations, data center server racks), industrial automation systems, electric vehicle cooling systems (e.g., 48V mild hybrid vehicle radiators), and high-power commercial ventilation.
8. Reason:
   1. Telecom networks historically use -48V DC power (due to noise resistance in long-distance signaling), making 48V fans standard for equipment like switches and routers.
   2. Industrial setups may adopt 48V to reduce current loss in long cable runs or power high-performance fans without excessive amperage.
   3. Electric vehicles often use 48V systems for auxiliary components, including cooling fans, to balance power and safety.

5. Other Voltages (with specific use cases)

9. 3V DC: Tiny fans in microelectronics or ultra-low-power devices.
10. Battery-powered voltages (6V, 9V, 12V): Portable fans for tools, camping gear, or outdoor devices matching battery outputs.

Key Considerations:

11. Voltage Precision: DC fans must match the specified voltage exactly. Undervoltage causes underperformance, while overvoltage risks motor damage.
12. Power Source Type: Ensure the supply is DC (not AC), as DC fans cannot operate on alternating current without a converter.
13. Industry Standards: 48V is particularly prevalent in telecom and industrial sectors due to historical power system designs, making it a key voltage to recognize for related applications.

If you have a specific industry or device in mind, clarifying the context can help further specify the typical voltage range.